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FOGHORN
In my experience, one of the greatest obstacles to improve-
ment is not technology, regulation, or even cost. It is resis-
tance to change—the familiar mindset of, “This is the way 
we have always done it.” That philosophy may be comfort-
able, but comfort is not the same as safety.
I learned that lesson early in my involvement with formal 
safety management. As far back as 1995, the tanker com-
pany I worked for was International Safety Management 
(ISM) compliant, certified under ISO 9001 and ISO 14001, 
and operating under the oversight of the American Bureau 
of Shipping and Det Norske Veritas classification societies.
I can still picture the shelves in my office bowing under the 
weight of three-ring binders filled with policies, procedures, 
checklists, manuals, and supporting documentation. At the 
time, managing those requirements could feel overwhelm-
ing, particularly when they had to be balanced against the 
daily responsibility of running a ship and ensuring, among 
many other things, that oil did not go over the side.
At first glance, a formal safety management system can 
appear cumbersome. There is documentation to maintain, 
procedures to follow, deficiencies to report, audits to com-
plete, drills to conduct, equipment to inspect, and records 
to retain. But after years of working within that frame-
work, I came to understand that the real value of safety 
management is not found in the binders themselves. It is 
found in the discipline behind them.
The ISM Code and the principles of safety management 
remained a significant part of my maritime career, and they 
have been difficult—in a good way—to shake off. What ini-
tially seemed burdensome eventually became foundational 
to the way I viewed shipboard operations. Today, those 
same principles remain central to the work I perform as a 
marine consultant. That experience is one reason I believe 
safety management systems deserve serious consideration 
within the small passenger vessel industry.
“The goal of an SMS is to provide safe working 
practices for ship operation; continuously assess and 
identify risks to the vessel, personnel and the environ-
ment; and establish appropriate safeguards to those 
risks. Regardless of the size of the company, an SMS 
ensures standardized and unambiguous procedures 
for each crewmember during both routine and emer-
gency operations—an SMS accounts for a vessel’s 
characteristics, operations, and nature of service.”1
A safety management system, or SMS, is a documented 
framework of policies, procedures, and instructions intended 
to support safe operations, environmental protection, and 
the reduction of human error. It provides a structure for risk 
management, emergency response, equipment maintenance, 
and routine vessel operations. The system is based on the 
principles of the International Safety Management Code.
For small passenger vessel operators, however, the value of 
an SMS should not be reduced to the question of whether 
the ISM Code itself is mandatory. The ISM Code estab-
lishes international safety-management standards, but 
small domestic passenger vessels are not required simply 
by virtue of being small passenger vessels to comply with 
that international code. An SMS can nevertheless support 
compliance with applicable federal, state, and local require-
ments while creating safer working conditions for passen-
gers and crew. That distinction matters.
“Flagship is a safety management system (SMS) based 
program created by the Passenger Vessel Association 
(PVA) specifically for their members. A safety man-
agement system is a structured and documented 
An SMS is not intended to 
be a generic manual  
created simply to satisfy 
an auditor or occupy space 
on an office shelf. It should 
function as a safety guide 
built around the vessel, its 
operation, its crew, and the 
hazards associated with 
the work being performed.
FOGHORN FOCUS

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